Waterfowl (page in progress)

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The Canada goose (Branta canadensis) is an iconic North American waterfowl easily identified by its black head and neck, white "chinstrap," and large brown body. Once a symbol of the wilderness, these birds have become highly adaptable to human-altered environments like city parks and golf courses.

Key Biological Facts

• Life History: They typically mate for life, beginning at age two or three, and can live 10 to 24 years in the wild.
• Diet: Primarily herbivorous, they graze on grasses, grains, and aquatic plants.
• Migration: Known for their distinctive V-shaped flight formations, which help reduce wind resistance and improve communication during long journeys.
• Subspecies: There are seven recognized subspecies, ranging from the Giant Canada goose (up to 20 lbs) to smaller varieties.
• Cackling Goose: In 2004, the four smallest former subspecies were reclassified into a separate species called the Cackling Goose. 

Behavior and Human Interaction

• Aggression: Canada geese are notoriously protective of their nests and young (goslings). They will hiss, charge, and slap with their wings if they feel threatened.
• Urban Residents: Many populations are now "resident," meaning they no longer migrate and stay in urban areas year-round where food is plentiful and predators are few.
• Legal Protection: They are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, making it illegal to harm them, their eggs, or their nests without specific federal permits.